Ear Infections are one of the most common health problems seen in dogs – no matter their breed, size or age.
The most frequent type of ear infection canine's experience is called otitis externa, which simply means inflammation of the outer ear canal. While dogs with floppy or hairy ears (think cocker spaniels and poodles) are more likely to be affected, it can happen to any dog.
Signs to look out for
Ear infections can be painful and if left untreated, may lead to more serious problems. Keep an eye out for:
Head shaking or scratching
Redness and swelling
Unpleasant odour
Discharge – black, yellow, or cloudy
Crusty or thickened ear skin (in chronic cases)
Seeming less responsive or difficulty hearing
Why dogs get ear infections
A dog’s ear canal is shaped differently from ours – it's more vertical and forms an L-shape, which traps fluid more easily. That design alone can make your dog more prone to infections. Other factors, like floppy ears, narrow ear canals, excess hair or frequent swimming, can also set the stage for infection.
Common causes include ear mites, parasites, allergies, foreign bodies, and even tumours. In more chronic cases, moisture in the ear provides the perfect environment for bacteria and yeast to grow, along with swelling and scarring within the narrow ear canal, making infections harder to clear.
How vets diagnose ear infections
Your vet will examine your dog’s ears with an otoscope to check the ear canal and eardrum health. They’ll often take a sample from the ear to examine under a microscope, and sometimes a culture test is run to identify the infection type.
Treatment options
Quick treatment is key – ear infections can be painful! They can also spread to the middle or inner ear if left too long.
Treatment usually involves:
Thorough cleaning and drying of the ears (often with a medicated cleanser)
Medication – antibiotics, antifungals, or anti-inflammatories depending on the cause
Addressing any underlying issues, such as allergies or mites
For severe or chronic infections, surgery might be needed to remove damaged tissue or even the ear canal
The importance of follow-up
If your dog is diagnosed with an ear infection, make sure you attend all follow-up appointments. It’s also important to continue all medications until your vet has confirmed the infection has resolved.
Early treatment improves the chances of recovery and reduces complications. Most straightforward infections usually clear up within one to two weeks once treatment begins. Chronic or complicated infections, however, may need months of management – and occasionally surgery – to fully resolve.
Why prompt care matters
An untreated ear infection isn’t just uncomfortable, it can lead to ruptured eardrums, hearing loss, and long-term pain. That’s why regular ear checks and early veterinary attention are the best way to keep your dog happy, healthy, and hearing well!
